Benjamin Franklin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Benjamin Franklin - Research Paper Example His father was a soap maker, Josiah Franklin and his mother was Abiah Folger. In the age of 12 Franklin started his career at his brother’s print shop in Boston. He realized that in order to become successful he had to work hard and, first of all, learn hard, so he started self education, learning different languages and scientific subjects. Thus he managed to learn Latin, Italian, Spanish, and French; moreover, he learned some of physics, biology, and chemistry all by himself. When his brother refused to hire Benjamin as a correspondent in his own news paper The New England Courant, Franklin adopted the pseudonym Mrs. Silence Dogood, and â€Å"her† 14 imaginative and witty letters were published in his brother’s newspaper, which the readers of the news paper liked a lot (â€Å"Benjamin Franklin Biography† n.pag.). However, Benjamin’s brother gone wild when he discovered that the letters were Benjamin’s, so young Benjamin Franklin was forced to escape to another city, looking for luck; he settled down in Philadelphia and considered the place as his home for the rest of his life. â€Å"Franklin furthered his education in the printing trade in Philadelphia, lodging at the home of John Read in 1723. Nevertheless, the following year, Franklin left for London under the auspices of Pennsylvania Governor William Keith, but felt duped when letters of introduction never arrived and he was forced to find work at print shops there† (â€Å"Benjamin Franklin Biography† n.pag.). He managed to publish his first pamphlet, "A Dissertation upon Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain†. In 1726 Franklin got back to Philadelphia and changed a lot of job positions, like he had been a bookkeeper, a shopkeeper, and a currency cutter (â€Å"Benjamin Franklin Biography† n.pag.). In late 1727, Franklin established his own print shop and later he purchased The Pennsylvania Gazette, which became one of the most popular in the colonies (â€Å"A Quick

Road Safety Rules Essay Example for Free

Road Safety Rules Essay Road traffic safety refers to methods and measures for reducing the risk of a person using the road network being killed or seriously injured. The users of a road include pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, their passengers, and passengers of on-road public transport, mainly buses and trams. Best-practice road safety strategies focus upon the prevention of serious injury and death crashes in spite of human fallibility[1] (which is contrasted with the old road safety paradigm of simply reducing crashes assuming road user compliance with traffic regulations). Safe road design is now about providing a road environment which ensures vehicle speeds will be within the human tolerances for serious injury and death wherever conflict points exist. The basic strategy of a Safe System approach is to ensure that in the event of a crash, the impact energies remain below the threshold likely to produce either death or serious injury. This threshold will vary from crash scenario to crash scenario, depending upon the level of protection offered to the road users involved. For example, the chances of survival for an unprotected pedestrian hit by a vehicle diminish rapidly at speeds greater than 30 km/h, whereas for a properly restrained motor vehicle occupant the critical impact speed is 50 km/h (for side impact crashes) and 70 km/h (for head-on crashes). —International Transport Forum, Towards Zero, Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach, Executive Summary page 19[1] As sustainable solutions for all classes of road have not been identified, particularly lowly trafficked rural and remote roads, a hierarchy of control should be applied, similar to best practice Occupational Safety and Health. At the highest level is sustainable prevention of serious injury and death crashes, with sustainable requiring all key result areas to be considered. At the second level is real time risk reduction, which involves providing users at severe risk with a specific warning to enable them to take mitigating action. The third level is about reducing the crash risk which involves applying the road design standards and guidelines (such as from AASHTO), improving driver behaviour and enforcement. Road traffic crashes are one of the world’s largest public health and injury prevention problems. The problem is all the more acute because the victims are overwhelmingly healthy prior to their crashes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a million people are killed on the world’s roads each year.[3] A report published by the WHO  in 2004 estimated that some 1.2m people were killed and 50m injured in traffic collisions on the roads around the world each year[4] and was the leading cause of death among children 10 – 19 years of age. The report also noted that the problem was most severe in developing co untries and that simple prevention measures could halve the number of deaths.[5] The standard measures used in assessing road safety interventions are fatalities and Killed or Seriously Injured (KSI) rates, usually per billion (109) passenger kilometres. Countries caught in the old road safety paradigm,[6] replace KSI rates with crash rates for example, crashes per million vehicle miles. Vehicle speed within the human tolerances for serious injury and death is a key goal of modern road design because impact speed affects the severity of injury to both occupants and pedestrians. For occupants, Joksch (1993) found the probability of death for drivers in multi-vehicle accidents increased as the fourth power of impact speed (often referred to by the mathematical term ÃŽ ´v (delta V), meaning change in velocity). Injuries are caused by sudden, severe acceleration (or deceleration), this is difficult to measure. However, crash reconstruction techniques can be used to estimate vehicle speeds before a crash. Therefore, the change in speed is used as a surrogate for acceleration. This enabled the Swedish Road Administration to identify the KSI risk curves using actual crash reconstruction data which lead to the human tolerances for serious injury and death referenced above. Interventions are generally much easier to identify in the modern road safety paradigm, whose focus is on the human tolerances for serious injury and death. For example, the elimination of head on KSI crashes simply required the installation of an appropriate median crash barrier. For example, roundabouts, with speed reducing approaches, encounter very few KSI crashes. The old road safety paradigm of purely crash risk is a far more complex matter. Contributing factors to highway crashes may be related to the driver (such as driver error, illness or fatigue), the vehicle (brake, steering, or throttle failures) or the road itself (lack of sight distance, poor roadside clear zones, etc.). Interventions may seek to reduce or compensate for these factors, or reduce the severity of crashes that do occur. A comprehensive outline of interventions areas can be seen in Management systems for road safety. In addition to management systems, which apply predominantly to existing networks in built-up areas, another class of  interventions relates to the design of roadway networks for new districts. Such interventions explore the configurations of a network that will inherently reduce the probability of collisions.[7] Interventions for the prevention of road traffic injuries are often evaluated; the Cochrane Library has published a wide variety of reviews of interventions for the prevention of road traffic injuries.[8][9] For road traffic safety purposes it can be helpful to classify roads into ones in built-up area, non built-up areas and then major highways (Motorways/Freeways etc.) Most casualties occur on roads in built-up areas and major highways are the safest in relation to vehicle mileage. Reported Road Casualties Great Britain for 2008 show that the vast majority of injuries occur in built-up areas but that most fatalities occur on non built-up roads.[10]

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: English Literature Essays

A Streetcar Named Desire In Tennesse Williams' play, "A Streetcar Named Desire" the readers are introduced to a character named Blanche DuBois. In the plot, Blanche is Stella's younger sister who has come to visit Stella and her husband Stanley in New Orleans. After their first meeting Stanley develops a strong dislike for Blanche and everything associated with her. Among the things Stanley dislikes about Blanche are her "spoiled-girl" manners and her indirect and quizzical way of conversing. Stanley also believes that Blanche has conned him and his wife out of the family mansion. In his opinion, she is a good-for-nothing "leech" that has attached itself to his household, and is just living off him. Blanche's lifelong habit of avoiding unpleasant realities leads to her breakdown as seen in her irrational response to death, her dependency, and her inability to defend herself from Stanley's attacks. Blanche’s situation with her husband is the key to her later behavior. She married rather early at the age of sixteen to whom a boy she believed was a perfect gentleman. He was sensitive, understanding, and civilized much like herself coming from an aristocratic background. She was truly in love with Allen whom she considered perfect in every way. Unfortunately for her he was a homosexual. As she caught him one evening in their house with an older man, she said nothing, permitting her disbelief to build up inside her. Sometime later that evening, while the two of them were dancing, she told him what she had seen and how he disgusted her. Immediately, he ran off the dance floor and shot himself, with the gunshot forever staying in Blanche’s mind. After that day, Blanche believed that she was really at fault for his suicide. She became promiscuous, seeking a substitute men (especially young boys), for her dead husband, thinking that she failed him sexually. Gradually her reputation as a whore built up and everyone in her home town knew about her. Even for military personnel at the near-by army base, Blanche's house became out-of-bounds. Promiscuity though wasn't the only problem she had. Many of the aged family members died and the funeral costs had to be covered by Blanche's modest salary. The deaths were long, disparagi ng and horrible on someone like Blanche. She was forced to mortgage the mansion, and soon the bank repossessed it. At school, where Blanche taught English, she was dismissed because of an incident she had with a seventeen-year-old student that reminded her of her late husband.

50 Shades- Feminist Theory

Erica Freedman 1-24-2013 Feminist Theories in Intercultural Perspective- Hoffman The explosively popular 50 Shades of Grey series depicts Ana Steele, an aspiring young writer who quickly falls into the clutches of an extremely seductive and successful Christian Grey in a dominant/ submissive love story. Easily sweeping the young and restless girl off her feet, Grey’s confident and demanding presence starkly contrasts Ana’s who is known to self deprecate and hide behind plain clothing or a pile of books.From the onset it is clear that stereotyping Ana as frail and naive are what allow Christian to appear as the ultimate prince charming. Ana is initially depicted as independent: hyper-focused on a successful career in the literary world, the perfect daughter and the perfect student who has never had time for a boyfriend. Her best friend and roommate Kate is even more self-sufficient as the requisite foil with the outspoken personality and journalistic go-getter attitude. When Kate and Ana lose site of their goals due to the handsome pair of successful brothers, two gender aspects are highlighted.Kate’s strength is suddenly depicted as a mask that was disguising her truly feminine and love seeking qualities. Her priorities become completely disheveled and all she begins to desire is spending more time with her new infatuation. Ana grapples with a watered down battle of morality where she claims to feel immense discomfort in having an overpowering lover who can get her to do anything he wants, while still wanting to make her own way. This idea is consistently undermined by her actions throughout the story.For instance, after saving herself for the perfect person for twenty-two years, Ana is convinced to giver herself away in a one-night stand with Grey. Immediately past this point, Christian places Ana in a highly-controlled, powerless relationship where he stalks her, takes all of her time and insists on buying her things she supposedly does n ot desire–including a new wardrobe and a higher position in a publishing company that he decides to acquire a few weeks after she begins interning there.Anastasia is suddenly incapable of talking to one of her closest friends, Jose, because of Christian’s overwhelming jealousy. Ultimately, Anastasia caves to his wishes on that front as well. As sexually liberated and filled with love as Christian makes Ana feel, he also easily and quickly strips her of as much of her independence as he can. It is these traits that make the existence of their relationship possible. Without Ana’s willingness to adhere to Christian’s expectations and demands, she cannot have him, and so she does what is expected of her instead.

They Say I Say

Tardiness in Schools [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] Table of Contents Chapter 13 Introduction3 Problem of the Study3 Research Hypothesis and Questions4 Significance of the Study4 Scope and Delimitation5 Chapter 26 Related Literature6 Research paradigm7 Definition of Terms8 Chapter 39 Research Design9 Procedure9 Population9 Description of Subjects9 Instrumentation10 Statistical Treatment10 References11 Chapter 1 Introduction The behaviors of the student have a negative impact not only on the learning education system but on the nation too.The students who bunk for the school for a short or large part of the day called tardiness or the entire of the day called truancy not only harm academic failure, but give to the rising number of students who negatively impact the standing of the educational system as well as nation. The negative effect not only influence schools by deterring educational leaders from effectiveness and helpful educational plan with stability and exclus ive of information breaks for the students, but also puts requirements on society to determine how they will help students and their families with emotional and social requirements.This study explored the medical, economic, social, emotional and psychological causes for the tardiness of student in a middle school background (Leigh & Lust 2008). Tardiness of student is an important aspect in measuring if the student will become at threat. Without interference, tardiness behaviors of students regularly result in severe emotional and social issues. There is consideration that a major number of students of middle school are misplaced by school, demonstrating up late, and going outside from school during school timings for a diversity of educational, emotional, and social causes.Problem of the Study The problem statement of the study is to explore the connection between the school and work tardiness in students of middle school. School workers, school staffs, parents, and personals who o bserve this information will have an enhanced understanding of tardiness of school, associated school deviant actions, and punctuality in a middle school setting. Research Hypothesis and Questions Truancy, frequent nonattendance, and Tardiness behaviors are important forecasters of the students turning to be at hazard.These in danger students, in accordance of the reports, become engaged in delinquent behaviors to have a negative impact on not only these students themselves, but also on the society, educational system and nation as well. Questions The research questions are: Â ·What seems to be the basic reasons of extreme tardiness behaviors? Â ·How do these students of middle school elaborate repeated tardy behavior? Â ·What effect does staff of school consider the tardiness on student behavior? Why? Â ·What types of behaviors direct to tardiness? Why? Â ·What are the connections of severe tardiness? What sorts and types of programs seem to be successful for use in treating t he problem of increased tardiness? Significance of the Study The issue has significance for the educationalist, suffering families who are concerned in consideration why various students are persistently miss, and late for the school and how educationalists can have a constructive pressure on the students, they are accountable for and take them into class on time. The study on tardiness of the student is one of the important elements in knowing early on a child who might turn out to be at risk.Such endangered students are creating the option to come up to school late or do not mention it owing to the conditions and behaviors they have discovered themselves in, whether by option or an effect of situation. These behaviors students and are adversely influencing the schools of nation, and the students are endangered for reducing out of school. Scope and Delimitation Scope The study is about the number of students concentrate school late after an event with parents. These adverse connect ions with parents can regularly become customary for families, ensuing in the student gathering supplementary tardy days all through the school year.The hazard with these kinds of connections with parents is that students turn out to be usually tardy all through their childhood. Delimitation 1. The outcomes are surrounded to the students in the rural area school. 2. Not all local workers of school contributed in the research. 3. Not all students participating selected to be in the research. 4. The student sampling is moderately homogenous. Chapter 2 Related Literature Edgier (2007) stressed the adverse impact of tardiness by defining that the students have to be present and involved to learn.Perceptive the causes that pupils are late for school, the activities associated with this occurrence, and the force it has on students’ education and expansion is vital owing to the pessimistic consequences that effect from students who are lost class time. Tardy students are probable to turn out to be middle school withdrawals; consign irrelevant crimes; or develop into Student truancy, common student non-attendance, and tardiness carry on to be a main problem confronting American educational structure.In tackling the dilemma of truancy, it is showed what the middle schools system is performing to fight tardiness and truancy in the middle schools. The study affirmed that the concern of student tardiness is one of the primary symptoms of a student turning to be a student who is endangered. Researchers are supported to observe truancy and are confronted to identify truancy more widely, permitting researchers to deal with the obstacle students practice by gone all or a number of the school day. Scott (2010) defined the actions one-school system executed to decrease tardiness.A helper principal in fact visits a home of the student if such student does not arrive to school on time. The management concentrates not only on the student’s behavior who come to late s chool but also on his parents who do not observe no matter which wrong with their children arriving to school late. One of the most annoying concerns in contemporary’s schools is tardiness?. Students practice a harmful effect when the students become tardy. Tardiness not only influences the pupil who is tardy, but also has an influence on the school surroundings, teachers, and further students, as well as the school all together (Leigh & Lust 2008).Instructional time and force are pessimistically impacted by the students who become late; these students can turn out to be engaged in delinquent manners in unverified areas of the school. In this condition, there is chance for hostility, harassment, damage, and misbehavior. These types of behaviors can take over into the class and additional influence the learning setting. Extensive tardiness is a symbol that there is a main dilemma-taking place with the child at the instant or in the history.One of the main notions that instruct ed this research and given imminent into processes schools can take to control student tardiness was got from Ekstrom Goertz Pollack & Rock (2006)’ work on the morals of care. Formerly this significant association has been created, the cares will better appreciate and be better prepared to sustain, help, and direct the persons they are educating. Research paradigm While there is vast research on school tardiness and absence, no research in the literature review assessed the direct connection between students and tardiness behavior in middle school.The main purpose of this study is to gather quantitative data to observe if school tardiness can forecast the tardiness. The secondary objectives are to a) contrast the tardiness, absence and GPA records of the students to the middle school student sampling, b) resolve if the students at diverse are parallel to each other, c) observe if chosen demographics force school tardiness and unnecessary nonattendance, d) inspect the connecti on of school tardiness and unnecessary nonattendance in the middle school population. Definition of TermsTardy/Tardiness: Be late for whichever quantifiable duration of time passed the affirmed or planned start time for school. Truant: A usual truant ways a student who is not present from school devoid of a satisfactory reason for element or all of five or more days on which school is owned throughout a school section. Unexcused absence: Not presence or demonstrating up for class as also not gets a suitable rationale as elaborated by the school for the nonattendance, for example funeral, illness, vacation, or accepted school action. Chapter 3 Research Design This is the experimental study employing control and experimental factions to assess one of the purposes. Tardiness, unnecessary nonattendance and GPA information from middle school students are contrasted to the similar variables for the enduring middle school population. Procedure Information gathered on the middle school samp ling and the subgroup of students will be assessed. Successive results, outline, conclusions and recommendations will be merged with suitable workers of the school in the study.Population The population researched was middle students who concentrate a rural middle school in south-central Wisconsin. The school area faces presently over 500 square miles and gives somewhat more than 2,000 pupils from 4 years old throughout middle school. Description of Subjects At the time the research will begin, they had a full amount of 44 students. All 44-student students from the enduring four students are accepting letters calling them to contribute in the study.Instrumentation To test a hypothesis SPSS will be used in this regard in which excel and SPSS software’s are to be used. Statistical Treatment The students were raised to offer time records from March 30 to June 7, which was the previous week of the year of school. Uncertain nonattendance and tardiness concerns have a direct effect on schools and serve up as early on caution signs to researcher that there is a dilemma in the life of child. References Ediger, M. (2007).School Dropouts, Absenteeism, and Tardiness, Counseling. Ekstrom, Ruth, Goertz, M. , Pollack, J. , & Rock, D. (2006). Who Drops Out of High School and Why? Findings from a National Study. Teachers College Record Volume 87 Number 3, pp 356-373. Leigh, J. P. , & Lust, J. (2008). Determinants of employee Tardiness. Work and Occupations: An International Sociological Journal, 15(1), 78-95. Scott, C. A. (2010). Junior high school tardy lock out (RC017912). Florida: Nova University.

How Studying Abroad Can Change Your Life

How Studying Abroad Can Change Your Life You have already read about the inspiring experience of Judy Su and Ellen Wall who studied in Denmark. Both of them enjoyed the time spent abroad and advice you to go for it as well. However, you may still think how will I actually benefit? What studying abroad can give me and how can it influence my personal development? Our great big world is getting smaller by the day. The Internet allows us to connect with people and cultures around the world with almost no effort. In fact, you probably already have social connections with people of different races and in different countries. So, why is studying abroad so life-changing? Make New Connections Although Twitter and Pinterest might connect you with people around the world, there is nothing better than actual face-to-face interaction. Study abroad allows you to finally meet all those people in real time. In addition, you can make new friends with people who are very different from you, giving you better perspective of your own life. And, you can make important connections that will help you become more successful in your future career. Become Fluent In Language According to the Department of Labor, translators and interpreters are expected to be one of the top 15 fastest growing occupations in the nation over the next 20 years. In fact, a study by MIT showed that learning a foreign language brings in an average of 2% more annual income, with more exotic languages (Chinese, Arabic, Russian) earning considerably more. By studying abroad, you get the best possible language training by being fully immersed in your language of choice. You’ll have more earning potential and a better chance for employment upon graduation. Find Out Who You Are Odds are good that you have spent most of your life in one country, one state, or even one city. You may not have had a lot of opportunities to try things outside of your comfort zone. Studying abroad gives you the option to try new things in a relatively safe environment where there are few impacts on your â€Å"regular† life. That means, if you try something and fail (or don’t like it), it won’t matter as much as if you were back at home with the people you grew up with. Learn To Be An Independent Leader Studying abroad is a perfect way to learn the ropes of being on your own. You’ll learn great life skills of making travel appointments, connecting with local help resources, and getting a job. You’ll learn to know what you want and how to get it through skills of discipline, hard work, and determination. By the time you come home, you’ll have more motivation to succeed and leadership skills to bring people along for the ride. Solve Problems Studying abroad is not always easy. It can be frustrating experience as well. You might feel homesick. School tasks, policy and life in general might be totally different in your host country than in your homeland. Don’t stress. Studying abroad gives you the opportunity to use these trials as tools for growth. And, when you return home, you’ll have a much better perspective on what are â€Å"real problems† and what are â€Å"mere inconveniences†. Gain Global Perspective More than any other lesson, study abroad teaches you that your actions never happen in a vacuum. By living in a different culture, you realize that human experience is universal. You’ll find out that people who look and think differently share the same core values and priorities as you do. And, you’ll also discover that people who are geographically separated still have incredible influence on each other. This global perspective will help you be a more compassionate leader and also will make you a better employee and citizen in future. Studying abroad is often spoken of by college students as one of the most â€Å"life-changing experiences† they had during their course of study. The reason for that is learning new skills in new environment, which eventually last longer and are more relevant in your life than those you obtain during regular college classes. What do you think you could gain from a study abroad program? Have you completed one already? What advice would you give a new student preparing to study abroad? Please, share your thoughts with us!

Free Essays on Opposing Views On Surrogate Motherhood

Surrogacy: A Dream Come True â€Å"Infertility, which affects as many as 1 in 6 couples, is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex...one-third of the time it lies with the female.† The â€Å"American Dream† has changed very little over the years- a happy marriage, a family, a nice secure life in the suburbs...but for some people, that dream will never become a reality. Due to high infertility rates, many couples are unable to reproduce without outside help. Surrogate motherhood offers an alternative that allows couples to parent children who are still genetically connected to one or both parents. Surrogacy is a better option than adoption for many couples because changes in society have resulted in a lower number of children available for adoption, most infertile couples would like a newborn baby, and there are a number of benefits to have children who are genetically related to their parents. Medical advancements have allowed for creation of more reliable forms of birth control and educators have improved sex education for kids and even adults; thus resulting in a lower number of children being put up for adoption. As stated by COTS, or Childlessness Overcome Through Surrogacy, the number of couples applying for adoption greatly outweigh the number of children available and â€Å"for many, surrogacy is the only alternative to childlessness.† According to the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, the number of adoptions for Ohio dropped by 1,038 from 1985 to 1995. Surrogacy and adoption both require testing and background checks; however, in most cases the process of adoption takes much longer than months- especially since newborn babies are in highest demand. When a couple makes the decision to have a baby, they want exactly that- a baby. Newborn babies are adopted first, which is why â€Å"the number of older special needs children waiting adoption has skyrocketed.† T... Free Essays on Opposing Views On Surrogate Motherhood Free Essays on Opposing Views On Surrogate Motherhood Surrogacy: A Dream Come True â€Å"Infertility, which affects as many as 1 in 6 couples, is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex...one-third of the time it lies with the female.† The â€Å"American Dream† has changed very little over the years- a happy marriage, a family, a nice secure life in the suburbs...but for some people, that dream will never become a reality. Due to high infertility rates, many couples are unable to reproduce without outside help. Surrogate motherhood offers an alternative that allows couples to parent children who are still genetically connected to one or both parents. Surrogacy is a better option than adoption for many couples because changes in society have resulted in a lower number of children available for adoption, most infertile couples would like a newborn baby, and there are a number of benefits to have children who are genetically related to their parents. Medical advancements have allowed for creation of more reliable forms of birth control and educators have improved sex education for kids and even adults; thus resulting in a lower number of children being put up for adoption. As stated by COTS, or Childlessness Overcome Through Surrogacy, the number of couples applying for adoption greatly outweigh the number of children available and â€Å"for many, surrogacy is the only alternative to childlessness.† According to the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, the number of adoptions for Ohio dropped by 1,038 from 1985 to 1995. Surrogacy and adoption both require testing and background checks; however, in most cases the process of adoption takes much longer than months- especially since newborn babies are in highest demand. When a couple makes the decision to have a baby, they want exactly that- a baby. Newborn babies are adopted first, which is why â€Å"the number of older special needs children waiting adoption has skyrocketed.† T...

King William II of England - William Rufus

King William II of England - William Rufus William II was also known as: Wlliam Rufus, the Red (in French, Guillaume Le Roux), though he may not have been known by this name during his lifetime. He was also identified by the nickname Longsword, given to him in childhood. William II was known for: His violent rule and his suspicious death. Williams forceful tactics earned him a reputation for cruelty and led to extreme dissatisfaction among the nobility. This has caused some scholars to theorize that he was assassinated.   Occupations: KingMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence: Britain: EnglandFrance Important Dates: Born: c. 1056Crowned King of England: Sept. 26, 1087Died: Aug. 2, 1100 About William II: A younger son of William the Conqueror, upon his fathers death William II inherited the crown of England while his elder brother Robert received Normandy. This caused immediate turbulence among those who thought it best that the Conquerors territory remain united under one rule. However, William was able to crush the rebellion of those seeking to put Robert in charge. Several years later, he had to put down a revolt by English noblemen. William also had trouble with the clergy, most especially Anselm, who he appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, and earned the enmity of Anselms supporters, some of whom later wrote chronicles casting the king in a bad light. In any case he was much more interested in military matters than clerical issues, and saw successes in Scotland, Wales and, eventually, Normandy.   In spite of the friction William seemed to spark throughout his reign, he managed to keep the political ties between England and Normandy strong. Unfortunately for him, he was killed in a hunting accident when he was only in his 40s. Although theories still circulate that he was murdered by his younger brother, who followed him to the throne as Henry I, there is no strong evidence to support this hypothesis, which on close inspection seems fairly unlikely. For more about the life and reign of William II, see his Concise Biography. More William II Resources: Concise Biography of William IIDynastic Table: Monarchs of England William II​ in Print The links below will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through these links. William Rufus(English Monarchs)by Frank BarlowKing Rufus: The Life and Mysterious Death of William II of Englandby Emma MasonThe Killing of William Rufus: An Investigation in the New Forestby Duncan Grinnell-MilneThe Normans: The History of a Dynastyby David Crouch William II on the Web William IIBrief but informative bio from   The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia at Infoplease. Whos Who Directories: Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2014 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, please visit Abouts Reprint Permissions page. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/wwho/fl/William-II.htm

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility Essay - 2

Developing a conceptual framework is an impossible possibility - Essay Example Conceptual frameworks have been constantly changed from them. However, individual organizations have come up with their own conceptual frameworks that suit specific organizational needs. A conceptual framework provides an over view of how things should be done in an organization. It is a coherent system of related objectives and fundamentals that should lead to consistent standards that prescribe the nature, function, and limits of financial accounting and financial statements.† (Foulks Lynch 1998) A conceptual framework development takes time. The worst part is that once it is ready, hardly any of those principles are applied since the dynamic economic environment will be experiencing other challenges. Conceptual framework is like a constitution in financial accounting that stipulates its nature, function and its limits. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) also came up with an internationally recognized conceptual framework, which aims at streamlining the accou nting principles worldwide. This promotes external investments. The second function of the conceptual framework is to solve any emerging problems in the accounting sector. This explains why the boards are constantly reviewing the conceptual framework to suite the new challenges. ... The risk of not having a conceptual framework is the cropping up of haphazard standards. Without standards, businesses will even come up with their own frameworks that give them an advantage over others. This will lead to inconsistence in the basic principles. A strong conceptual framework will shield the financial sector from manipulation by other powerful forces such as the politicians and other interested parties. The process of developing a conceptual framework is done through a long deliberation among the board members. A good framework forms a good basis for a company. The advantages of a conceptual framework are as follows. It establishes standards that are logical and consistent. The CF stipulates rules and policies on how certain things should be carried out. The company will not just act anyhow, but it will be guided by certain rules, which maintain standardization. The conceptual framework provides rules to be followed when no other accounting principle can be applied. In accounting, rules are followed to the letter, but in some cases, there are no rules. The conceptual framework will come in; though most of its rules are general, they deal with all aspects of accounting. A conceptual framework builds the public trust in accounting. Financial reports and statements are known to be credible. This is because the public knows that there are bodies that set principles to govern them. Other advantages of the conceptual framework include avoiding conflict between user groups and ensuring accountability. The demerit of the conceptual framework is that it does not address the needs of the diverse users. There is no conceptual framework that can address the needs of everybody, and that is

Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Happiness - Essay Example According to statistical data, the most successful countries are the unhappiest and the wealthiest people are the unhappiest in the society. Research maintains that the more money an individual has, the unhappier they are. Several reasons have been provided to back this up as well as the main reason why the individuals with lower income are happier. First, the wealthy individuals are always in pursuit of more possessions as they view another individual with more possessions as happier and more successful. This ensures that they have less leisure time, which is the time that they can spend with friends and family to help in reducing stress levels that come from work. Therefore, reduced leisure time and the more disconnected the wealthy people are, more unhappy they become. Second, expectations also determine the stress level, which in turn reflect a person’s happiness. In U.S, expectations are very high and mostly with regard to material possessions. If these expectations fail, these individuals become depressed and bury themselves in work so that they can try to achieve them. On the other hand, if they succeed, they will still see another person who has more possessions and their stress level will increase as they try to achieve what the other person has. Research indicates that concerns of material possessions are deep seated in the human brain to the point that they can be very harmful to one’s health both physically and emotionally This clearly indicates that material possessions, although appear good and satisfying, are the main causes of unhappiness. While the wealthy are considerably poor happiness-wise, the lower level individuals are wealthier in the happiness regard. This is because of several reasons. Firstly, these individual do not have many things to do that keeps them busy. In addition, since they do not have many possessions, they rely on one

Leadership Behavioral Analysis. Evaluation of the Research Methodology Essay

Leadership Behavioral Analysis. Evaluation of the Research Methodology - Essay Example The study entailed statistical as well as qualitative surveys conducted on a sample of project managers. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to analyze how the managers used situational leadership in project management. Johnson, Onwuegbuzie and Turner (2007) consider Concurrent Triangulation Mixed Method Design as appropriate research method since it enables the researcher to collect qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously. Moreover, the researcher is able to use qualitative data in validating the quantitative data resulting in reliable findings (Driscoll, Appiah-Yeboah, Salib, & Rupert, 2007). Appropriateness of the Data Collection and Analysis Methods Used For the Study The research study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology (hybrid) and what the author refers as Concurrent Triangulation Mixed Methods Design. This entailed more than two methods in collection and analysis of data. Although qualitative and quantitative research methodo logies are considered different in terms of epistemology and ontology, they ensure completeness and validness in data collection and analysis. ... Blending qualitative and quantitative data collection technique is advantageous since results obtained using one of the methods can be triangulated using the other method. By using quantitative techniques, the researcher was able to obtain data that was used to test the research hypotheses. The data collected through qualitative techniques was used open the study since it provided insights on the other aspects interconnected in the study (Driscoll, Appiah-Yeboah, Salib, & Rupert, 2007). Scaling, which was used for quantitative data collection, was disadvantageous since it could not have reflect diverse observations of the data. By using open-ended surveys, which is a qualitative methodology, the researcher was able to explore situational leadership and project success. The above aspects are quite complex hence hard to explore using quantitative techniques. This is because it is hard to measure leadership and project success quantitatively since such aspects are better explained in de tails other than numeric. Such explanations constitute qualitative analysis (Lee, 2010). Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies was a great idea. Quantitative method is the major method used for data analysis. However, qualitative data is used to support the quantitative data. In some instances, data collected using qualitative strategies such as open surveys is likely to be biased. However, collecting more data using quantitative methodology and analyzing it can enable the researcher to determine the credibility of the data. For example, in Lee (2010) study, the answers obtained from the open interviews showed that most manager interviewed had used situational leadership techniques. However, the data collected

Natural gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Natural gas - Essay Example ) published a World Energy Outlook report in the year 2011 in which, the production of natural gas was estimated to increase by 50 per cent over the next two and a half decades. The report said, â€Å"Natural gas displaces coal and to a lesser extent oil, driving down emissions, but it also displaces some nuclear power, pushing up emissions. This puts emissions on a long-term trajectory consistent with stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at around 650 parts per million CO2 equivalent, suggesting a long-term temperature rise of over 3.5 [degrees Celsius]† (â€Å"Gas is not†). While a range of opinions exist for and against natural gas, it is overall a good source of energy. Natural gas is a good source of energy not only because it is in abundance in the US, but also because it can be transported affordably. Natural gas is a clean energy alternative because the process of its burning is cleaner compared to other fossil fuels. While burning, natural gas does not emit high amount of such harmful emissions as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or carbon monoxide. Burning of natural gas also does not produce any particulates or ash. Although natural gas is not as clean as solar energy or wind energy, yet it can be considered as a stop-gap energy alternative because of its cost-effectiveness, abundance, and simplicity of use while the society transits to other sources of energy. The amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by natural gas is half as much as the amount that is released as a result of burning of coal. The US provides evidence of a success story as emissions declined to a 20-year low in the start of the year 2012. Although the decline in emiss ions can also be attributed to certain other factors like a shift to renewables and energy efficiency, the decline was at least, in part, because of a transition from the burning of coal to the use of shale gas. Similarly, â€Å"In countries like  Poland  and  China  where there is heavy

Intern as Revenue Manager Assistant from March 2009 to August 2009 At Coursework

Intern as Revenue Manager Assistant from March 2009 to August 2009 At The Grand City Hotel, Berlin - Coursework Example The internship provided me with an insight into my own weaknesses and deficiencies which I was unable to realize without being a part of a hotel practically. I particularly found how important it is for me to have an extraordinary control and expertise in the use of software particularly the spreadsheets. I also learned group skills. I found the considerable difference between academic learning and professional learning. My experience of internship has acquainted me with a lot of knowledge and skills that I could not learn in the college. Over six months, I have grown as a professional and have learned how to apply theoretical learning in practical situations. The internship helped me become well equipped with such a valuable experience that would be very helpful in my professional career after my graduation. My tenure at the Grand City Hotel has been a very enlightening experience. Table of Contents Contents Page No. Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 - 6 a) About the Grand City Hot el b) Location of the Grand City Hotel c) Attractions for the guests d) Environment of the Grand City Hotel e) Services at the Grand City Hotel f) Objectives for the internship Description and Analysis 7 - 10 a) Methodology b) Results c) Recommendations to the company Learning experience 10 - 12 a) Personal development b) Challenges and Solutions c) Academic Learning vs Professional Learning Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction a) About the Grand City Hotel The Grand City Hotel chain comprises more than 100 hotels all across Europe. The hotels guarantee a memorable experience at the best price. The location, attractions, environment, and services provided by the Grand City Hotel far outweigh the prices charged from the guests. b) Location of the Grand City Hotel The Grand City Hotel in Berlin is an exquisite resort for the travelers from all over the world who want to discover the German Main content and have some quality time on weekends or holidays. One of the main attractions of the Grand City Hotel in Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf is its location and surroundings. The Grand City Hotel is centrally located in Berlin and is at a short distance to many of the famous attractions that German has to offer, including the Messe Berlin, the renowned Kurfurstendamm, and the ICC (Grand City Hotels, n.d.). c) Attractions for the guests The Grand City Hotel Berlin provides the guests with easy access to the Berlin Zoo, galleries and shops, the German Opera Berlin, the KaDeWe department store, and the Kurfurstendamm. There is a variety of restaurants, clubs, and cafes near the Grand City Hotel in Berlin to satiate the cravings of the Night owls. The countless cultural attractions of Berlin make the Grand City Hotel a perfect resort for a longer stay. Among all cities of Germany, Berlin has probably the most to offer the tourists and visitors ranging from the Reichstag and the Brandenburger Tor to the variety of attractions in the local neighborhoods. Some of the most famous landmarks of Germany are located in the heart of Berlin and the guests can have them on walking distance from the Grand City Hotel.  Ã‚  

Natural gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Natural gas - Essay Example ) published a World Energy Outlook report in the year 2011 in which, the production of natural gas was estimated to increase by 50 per cent over the next two and a half decades. The report said, â€Å"Natural gas displaces coal and to a lesser extent oil, driving down emissions, but it also displaces some nuclear power, pushing up emissions. This puts emissions on a long-term trajectory consistent with stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at around 650 parts per million CO2 equivalent, suggesting a long-term temperature rise of over 3.5 [degrees Celsius]† (â€Å"Gas is not†). While a range of opinions exist for and against natural gas, it is overall a good source of energy. Natural gas is a good source of energy not only because it is in abundance in the US, but also because it can be transported affordably. Natural gas is a clean energy alternative because the process of its burning is cleaner compared to other fossil fuels. While burning, natural gas does not emit high amount of such harmful emissions as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or carbon monoxide. Burning of natural gas also does not produce any particulates or ash. Although natural gas is not as clean as solar energy or wind energy, yet it can be considered as a stop-gap energy alternative because of its cost-effectiveness, abundance, and simplicity of use while the society transits to other sources of energy. The amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by natural gas is half as much as the amount that is released as a result of burning of coal. The US provides evidence of a success story as emissions declined to a 20-year low in the start of the year 2012. Although the decline in emiss ions can also be attributed to certain other factors like a shift to renewables and energy efficiency, the decline was at least, in part, because of a transition from the burning of coal to the use of shale gas. Similarly, â€Å"In countries like  Poland  and  China  where there is heavy

Infosys Write Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Infosys Write Up - Essay Example Infosys Technologies has established a smaller firm with the name ICI, which is established in get knowledge about IT consultancy business. The company Infosys Technologies is interested in IT consultancy because it is the current business of the market and the companies are getting good revenues on the basis of the new market trend of information technology consultancy business. The company showed interest in consultancy business because of its interest in extra revenue, expansion and the client’s needs and requirements regarding IT consultancy. The company has many strengths on the basis of which, it is going to appear better than its competitors before its clients. The company also has some weaknesses but the company is interested to control and improve all its weak to progress, expand and get better. The company Infosys Technologies and Infosys Consultancy (ICI) are going to face some challenges in their interface development such as the communication development challenge and management challenge. The establishment of a subsidiary firm is beneficial for the parent company, Infosys Technologies. Infosys is a well established firm that enjoys a reputable position in the market. It is suggested by the administrators of the firm that the firm will be the foremost firm in a couple of years on the basis of its technologies and growth of information technology. Infosys Technologies has a number of competitors in the market such as IBM, EDS, Accenture, Wipro Limited, Tata Consultancy Services and many more (Info Consulting in 2006). With all these firms in market of information technology and business, Infosys faced a full-fledged challenge in the market. The position of the company Infosys Technologies in December 2005 was at 9th number (Info Consulting in 2006). The company Infosys Technologies after being developed into ICI comes up with greater success and ambitions for its clients and employees. Because of its competition with many

Biography of Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Biography of Julius Caesar Essay Julius Caesar was born in 100BC to the aristocratic family of Gaius Caesar and Aurelius. He lost his father when he was sixteen. He got married to Cornelia in 84BC. He refused the order by Sulla to divorce his wife and went on exile to Asia where he learnt ‘the art of war’. He returned to Rome after Sulla’s death and was subsequently elected quaestor. After the death of his wife, He married Pompela, who was related to Pompey [one of his political associates]. In 65BC he was elected curule aedile and three years later the praetor. He became governor of Farther in 61BC and formed the first triumvirate, with Pompey and Crassus, in 60BC. He was elected consul in 59BC and same year married Calprnia. He was appointed governor of Roan Gaul in 58BC and perfected his rule with the conquest of Gallic Gaul. The Roman Civil war began in 59BC and culminated in Caesar’s rise to greater leadership role until on March 15th, 44BC the unprecedented happened. Caesar’s life is captured in prose through the literary prowess demonstrated by Antony Kamm. He shows his depth of knowledge and insight into the complex nature of Caesar’s story. His study of scholastic work proves useful, as it brings fresh insight into understanding the life and character of this great Roman leader. He shows the military leadership Caesar undertook and how it can influence our understanding of leadership in those days, as different from ours. Julius Caesar is presented in the context of human relationships he devised and others that shaped his life. Kamm also narrates cultural, religious and military landscape of the Roman republic in light of Caesar’s journey through life. Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Cicero are shown as partners in progress or dishonor. Sevilia and Cleopatra are accorded the plausible position Caesar gave them. III. MAIN IDEA The main idea of the book is that Julius Caesar is more than the stories we have heard; that he is far beyond the myths that surround his life history and that his life is a symbol of balanced service. In the vein, Kamm raises his character to the pinnacle of a superhero worthy of emulation and applaud. IV. SETTING The book contains 155 pages of well constructed account of a roman hero. It details in smooth prose the ‘Pilgrim’s progress’ of Gaius Julius Caesar and his life impacted the entire populace pf ancient Rome. It is written in well separated chapter properly linked and facilitated with ease of coherence. This account is well researched to suit the demands of the twenty-first century. V. IMPORTANT CHARACTERS The story of Julius Caesar is an interesting adventure of a bold man whose life is comparable to that of other great people like Alexandra, the Great. ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’ those are his words; they clearly confirm his strength of character and charisma. He lived true to his dream, dedicated to the course he wished and vehement in the pursuit of the same. In his pursuit of honor, the influence of his mother can not be forgotten. He lost his father when he was only sixteen but his mother took him through the painful lessons of life. Indeed, he is an example of a leader except for the tyrant nature of his leadership style: he led a number of fights to victories against nations with immense military support and ammunitions. There are lesson from every stage of his journey on the Earth, from his growth with his influential parents, to his youth and the concomitant exuberance he enjoyed. His rise to limelight is worthwhile and his fall to betrayal et coup is notable. Cassius acts in conjunction with Brutus culminated in the assassination of Caesar; they suffered for this. Many people have been endeared by this kind of life. They have attempted to cave a niche for themselves n through the use of words and symbols to re-present this roman general. Julius Caesar’s live, as captured by Plutarch in his historical outlook on lives of notable roman generals, speaks volume that can not be expounded by a single perspective of an individual. As a result, there have been many historical accounts and biographies in honor of Caesar apart from William Shakespeare’s play. VI MOST INTERESTING EVENT From the historical account of Cesar’s life, many events are important. He refused the order by Sulla to divorce his wife and went on exile to Asia where he learnt ‘the art of war’. He returned to Rome after Sulla’s death and was subsequently elected quaestor. He later married Pompela, who was related to Pompey [one of his political associates]. In 65BC he was elected curule aedile and three years later the praetor. He became governor of Farther in 61BC and formed the first triumvirate He was elected consul in 59BC. He was appointed governor of Roan Gaul in 58BC and perfected his rule with the conquest of Gallic Gaul. The Roman Civil war began in 59BC and culminated in Caesar’s rise to greater leadership role until on March 15th, 44BC. After his death, Rome continued to war for many years. The most important was his assassination by a ‘coup’ planned by Cassius, supported by Marcus Brutus, his close friend, and other senators. Cassius convinces Brutus of the need to eliminate Julius Caesar because of the possibility of turning Rome’s republic into a monarchy through Caesar’s lineage. The senators agree to this. Cesar approaches senate in the morning of the assassination; on his way, he was warned by a soothsayer to ‘Beware of the Ides of March’. He ignores the warning and heads for the Senate where he rejects a request brought before him, as expected. There, he was beaten to death. He however notices the presence of Brutus among his killers, and exclaims the popular clause: ‘Et tu, Brutus’ meaning ‘And you, Brutus’. Thereafter, Brutus delivers a logical speech at his funeral to convince the Roman people of the reason for Caesar’s assassination which was followed closely by the powerful and excellent rhetoric of Marcus Antonio that moves the mob to drive Marcus and his cohorts from Rome. The triumvirate comprising Marcus Antonio, Octavius and Aemilus become the rulers of Rome and fights to victory with the army of the assassinators; Brutus and Cassius commits suicide in the face of defeat. VII CONCLUDING SENTENCE Kamm has proved his ability to synthesize facts from complex details into smooth prose. And Julius Caesar remains head of state in ancient or modern times applied himself so assiduously to such a range of physical and intellectual activities, and excelled at them all. REFERENCE KAMM A. JULIUS CAESAR: A LIFE. September, 2006.

Analysis Of Huawei And Its Core Competencies Management Essay

Analysis Of Huawei And Its Core Competencies Management Essay Huawei Technologies was founded in 1998 by Ren Zhengfei who is a former Peoples Liberation Army officer and telecom engineer. It was incorporated as a private enterprise which manufactures telecommunications equipments for domestic Chinese companies at a much lower price than its international competitors. And since the beginning, Zhengfeis vision was to build innovation capability into the company. However, contrary to the Chinas policy of exchanging market for technology, Zhengfei is convinced that having a joint venture with foreign companies would only cause the Chinese to lose their domestic market and not enable them to acquire foreign technologies. In performing an internal analysis, it is important to have a global mind-set, which is the ability to analyse the internal environment in ways that are independent on the assumptions of a single country, culture, or context. In addition, the businesss portfolio of resources and the bundles of heterogeneous resources and capabilities have to be analysed so that they are be leveraged on if need to. Business Fundamentals Accounting Huawei Technologies had annual revenue of US$6.7 billion and a net profit of US$470 million in 2005. This is an increase from annual revenue of US$5.8 billion and a net profit of US$470 million in 2004. Huaweis net profits in 2002 and 2003 were US$110 million and US$380 million respectively, and it had a net profit margin of 4% in 2002, 10% in 2003 and 8% in 2004. No doubt, Huaweis net profit margin drop by 2% in 2004, Huawei is still generating profit. Finance There are short-term financing and long-term financing options available. Huaweis financial support from the state-owned Chinese Development Bank in the form of a US$10 billion facility and US$600 million from the Export-Import Bank of China are both forms of long-term financing. Risk Management There are three major types of business risks; price risk, credit risk and pure risk. As Huawei has markets overseas, there is bound to be some price risk involved when there is any fluctuation in foreign exchange rates as their receivables and payments are transacted in foreign currencies. Hence, Huawei can use hedging to manage its price risks. In addition, pure risk is assume to be present in virtually any industry and there are four types of pure risk that affect business; damage to assets, legal liability, workers injury and employee benefits. Organisation Design Huawei practice departmentalization as its workforce is spilt into departments such as Research Development (RD) and production. It is also a mechanistic structure as there is high specialization and centralization. Human Resource Management Since its beginning, Huawei had been emphasizing on building a strong RD team and it had been recruiting employees of high caliber with exceptionally high salary by Chinese standard. Operations and Supply Chain Management The success of most businesses is their ability to identify the customers needs and to come up with products that fulfills the necessary requirements. These products will then have to be produced at economically viable costs. As Huawei manufactures and ships its products both locally and overseas. Thus, it is vital that Huawei monitors its operations and supply chain management to ensure that its products remain profitable and that bullwhip effect be controlled. Product Development Huawei has the foresight to invest and develop in new technologies in the industry which gives it a quantum leap in the market from its competitors. Resources, Capabilities, and Core Competencies Resources, capabilities and core competencies form the basis of competitive advantage. Resources create organizational capabilities when group together and in turn, capabilities result in the core competencies of a firm, and these are the foundation of competitive advantage. Tangible Resources Financial Resources As previously mentioned, Huawei has the financial support from the state-owned Chinese Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China. With their financial support, Huawei received a US10 billion facility for its international expansion over five years and US$600 million respectively. Organisational Resources Huawei has departments such as RD, production and marketing which form up the basic organization structure of the company. Huawei also integrates its marketing employees into its main RD team so that the customers needs can be better communicated to the RD headquarters responsively. Physical Resources Huawei has research centres located in China and overseas. For example, it has a 21 storey research center at its headquarters in Shenzhen and six other research laboratories in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Huangzhou, Xian and Chengdu; a software development centre in Bangalore (India) and research facilities in Moscow (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden) and the Silicon Valley in California. Technological Resources Huawei had a large number of patents under its name. It had more than 8,000 patent applications by late 2004, with 800 of them applied in more than 20 countries, including the United States and Europe. In fact, in 2004 alone, Huawei had more than 2,000 patent applications which put it on par with its international rivals in the same industry. Intangible Resources Human Resources Since establishment, Huawei had focused its resources to build itself a strong RD team. Starting off with 500 RD staffs and 200 production staffs, Huawei had a workforce of 24,000 employees by late 2005 with 48% of them engaging in RD works. In addition, the education level of the companys employees was higher than the average worker in China. More than 85% of its workforce had a bachelors or higher degree, and about 60% had a masters or PhD. Innovation Resources Huawei undertook joint RD laboratories with foreign companies such as IBM, Microsoft, Texas Instruments, Intel, e.g., focusing on different telecom techniques. These joint development efforts were used to complement Huaweis innovation capabilities. Reputational Resources Huawei has a large customer base in China with the major telecom companies being its customer. In addition, Huawei is one of the major suppliers for equipments for the China Telecoms ChinaNet Next Carrying Network, known as CN2, which is the core network for the countrys next-generation business and consumers services. Capabilities Capabilities exist when there are resources on hand that have been deliberately integrated to achieve specific tasks. Huawei had a strong team of RD staff which comprises of 48% of its total employees. In addition, Huawei recruits employees of high caliber, with more than 85% of its employees having at least a bachelors degree and 60% having a masters or PhD. Thus, Huawei is able to come out with innovate products, hence holding an exceptionally high number of patents by Chinese standard. In addition, coming from a military background, Ren Zhengfeis connection with the Chinese military helps create a guanxi network which is extremely helpful to Huawei. Being based in China, Huawei is able to manufacture and offer products at a lower price (typically 30% lower than those of established suppliers). Core Competencies Core competencies are capabilities that are a source of competitive advantage for a company over its rivals. Huaweis first competence is its RD. Because of the inexpensive labour force in China, Huawei had an advantage over its international competitors. In addition, Huawei integrates its marketing people into its RD team, thus the needs of telephone companies and service providers could be communicated through the marketers to the RD department in the shortest time. Another core competence which Huawei had is its close relationship with the Chinese military. This close relationship enables Huawei to create a guanxi network which few other competitors could rival and which helps Huawei to secure big contract orders in its initial years and huge financial loans from the state banks. A third core competence is Huaweis products low price as compare to its competitors. In summary, Huawei would need to maintain these core competencies in the long run to have a sustainable competitive advantage. Valuable Rare Costly to Imitate Non-substitutable RD à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Close relationship with Chinese military à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Price à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ *Must meet at least 3 criteria to be a competitive advantage (CA). Value Chain Analysis Using the value chain analysis, we will analyse which are Huaweis operations segments that create value and those that do not. It is essential to understand these issues, as a business will only earns above-average returns when the value created is greater than the costs incurred to create that value. Primary activities Huaweis primary activities are marketing and sales, inbound logistics, outbound logistics and operations. Support activities Huaweis support activities are firm infrastructure, human resource management, service, technological development and procurement. Activities which are not of competitive advantages to Huawei can be outsourced to external vendors so that resources can be put to better use within the company. SWOT Analysis Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Huawei have a strong RD team and high caliber employees which gives it an edge over its competitors. Being based in China, Huawei is able to manufacture and offer products at a lower price (typically 30% lower than those of established suppliers). In addition, with a low-cost workforce, Huawei spends less in RD but achieve comparable results with foreign technology companies who spend more. Ren Zhengfeis connection with the Chinese military enables Huawei to have the support from the Chinese government which is essential to working in China. Weaknesses Being a Chinese company, Huawei will be view in a different light compared to other companies from other countries. In general, the perception was that Chinese vendors were mainly relying on western engineering methods and were turning the higher margins and complex products into standard commodities. Thus, Huawei would have to move beyond this to be view as a serious global competitor. Huaweis lawsuit with Cisco gives rise to the issue that Huawei has infringed Ciscos patents and copyrights by copying its user interface, user manuals and source codes which inevitably affects Huaweis reputation in the United States. Key Success Factors Huawei is able to be successful as in general the Chinese market is a closed industry and foreign companies would need to joint ventures with local Chinese companies in order to enter the market, which will involve large equity investments. In addition, being a home-grown company, the Chinese will prefer to buy their products from Huawei, thus giving it an advantage in such a big emerging market. Furthermore, with Ren Zhengfeis connection to the Chinese military, it would have an unfair advantage over other companies. Secondly, since the onset, Huawei had focus on employing high caliber employees to form a huge RD team. Together with joint RD with other leading foreign companies, this has enables Huawei to come up with innovative products. Question 2. Perform an external analysis of Huawei. Based on your analysis, identify the possible opportunities and threats encountered by Huawei. (30 marks) Business Fundamentals Economics China overtook the United States to become the largest telecom market in late 2002 and by 2004; Chinas telecom industry had US$112 billion in business transactions. This is equivalent to an annual growth rate of 34.9% which was 3.7 times Chinas gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 9.5%. In addition, Chinas telecom equipment market will continue to grow annually at a compound rate of 10.9%, from US$30 billion to US$45 billion between 2004 and 2008. Stakeholder Management There are two major groups of stakeholders; market stakeholders and non-market stakeholders. Market stakeholders are also known as primary stakeholders and they include the employees, customers, suppliers and distributors of Huawei. Non-market stakeholders, also known as secondary stakeholders are people whom are affected by Huaweis actions but without being directly involved with any economic transactions with it. Marketing Huawei had to be aggressive to win contracts and typically, their products are about 30% cheaper than established brands. In addition, Huawei offer incentives when pitching for sales for major contracts. The External Environment The external environment of a company is divided into three major areas; the general, industry and competitor environments, each focusing on different aspects. The General Environment PESTL Model The general environment comprises of dimensions in the broader society that influence an industry and the firms within it. Using the PESTL model, we will gather the information and analyse each segment and its implication. Political Huaweis founder; Ren Zhengfei was from the Chinese military and this connection had created a guanxi network which few competitors could match. This relationship had helped Huawei secure big contract orders with the military during its early years. In addition, financial supports from state-owned banks were given to Huawei for its expansion plans overseas. However, this connection to the Chinese military had also affect Huawei, as a number of distributors in the United States were skeptical about the influence Huawei was subject to, and they were cautious of any implications. In addition, due to ownerships restrictions in China, most foreign firms would need to have a joint venture with local Chinese companies before they can enter the market. Hence, Huawei had an advantage in this aspect. Economics Huawei was the largest telecom equipment manufacturer in China with annual revenue of US$6.7 billion in 2005, and a net profit of US$470 million. At the same time, its market capitalization was estimated to be up to US$10 billion. Sociocultural Despite Huaweis efforts to fit into the United States culture, Huawei still met with difficulties when it first started operating in Plano, Texas in 2001. For a start, the Americans had difficulty pronouncing the companys name to the extent that Huawei had to come up with a working name. However, this caused confusion as the new name was not adopted nor promoted consistently and the Americans were confused by two different names belonging to the same company. To make matter worse, Huaweis employees had difficulty adapting to the Texas accent and their local culture. Huawei itself has a unique corporate culture within the company. Due to Ren Zhengfeis military background, he had instilled military style training for new employees and his employees were urged to learn from the behavior of wolves. He wants Huaweis marketing department to be aggressive, just like a pack of wolves. Technological Technological advances in the internet boom continued till 2006, and the technology choices and service requirements of service providers were getting more diversify. As previously mentioned, China had overtaken the United States to become the largest telecom market and hence, telecom service providers were now focusing on network improvement and value-added services rather than on infrastructure development. Huawei had the foresight to venture early and invested heavily in the third-generation (3G) mobile communications technology and it started its own research and development (RD) in Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in 1995. And over the next few years, Huawei invested more than US$370 million in wide-band CDMA (WCDMA) technologies with a dedicated team of 3,500 RD employees deployed throughout research centres in China and other countries. In 2003, Huawei formed a 3G research joint venture with Japans NEC and Matsushita and entered the mobile handset market in early 2004 to familiarise itself with the 3G industry in future. At the same time, a joint venture was also formed with Siemens to test TD-SCDMA (Chinas home grown standard) mobile handsets and networks equipments. As a matter of fact, Huawei had invested one-third of its RD spending on 3G technologies for the past two years. Legal Huawei was sued by Cisco in the United States six months after setting up a subsidiary there. It had allegedly infringed a number of Ciscos copyrights and patents and Cisco was seeking damages in the lawsuit, which includes the discontinuation of Huaweis Quidway routers, and the impoundment and destruction of all Huaweis routers and manuals in the United States. By the time Cisco dropped its lawsuit in July 2004; many sales contracts which Huawei was pitching for were lost. To make matter worse, a Huaweis employee was caught taking photographs of high-tech equipment from Fujitsu in a trade show in Chicago in June 2004. The Industry Environment The Five Forces of Competition Model The intensity of competition and the profit potential of an industry are the functions of the five forces of competition; the threats of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products and rivalry among competing firms. Threat of New Entrants There is a low to medium risk for Huawei for the threat of new entrants in the industry. Chinas telecom industry had grown to become the largest telecom market in the world and most of the leading global telecom equipment firms had already started operations in China by setting up joint ventures with local Chinese companies. Among the multinationals in China now are leading global telecom equipment firms such as Motorola, Nokia, Lucent Technologies and Siemens. Thus, it is already a competitive market with little room for new players. In addition, as previously mentioned, foreign companies wanting to enter the Chinese market would have to set up joint ventures with Chinese companies due to ownership restrictions and this usually involve equity investments. Hence, it is capital intensive for a new player to enter the market. Bargaining Power of Suppliers No evidence found in the case study. Bargaining Power of Buyers The buyers have a high bargaining power. Phone subscriptions had increased to 390 million mobile phone users and 348 million fixed-line users by October 2005. As there was low switching costs for customers, telecom service providers are focusing on network improvement and value-added services to win customers and make existing customers stay. In addition, Chinas telecom equipment market has been forecasted to grow at a 10.9% annual compound rate between 2004 and 2008, from US$30 billion to US$45 billion. Threat of Substitute Products There is a low threat of substitute products as there is basically no substitute for the industry. There is currently no other products that can offer the same usage and convenience offered by the telecom equipment industry. Rivalry Among Competing Firms There is a high rivalry among competing firms. Beside the influx of multinationals telecom enterprises, there are also a number of domestic companies that are becoming competitive. There is little differentiation among competitors and hence, customers have low switching costs. Besides Huawei, there are three more companies; ZTE, DTT and GDT that have started to emerge. Both Huawei and ZTE were expected to enter further into international markets in the near future, going neck-to-neck with the established multinational enterprises for the same customers. The Competitor Environment Intense rivalry creates a need for Huawei to understand its competitors and their objectives, strategies, capabilities and assumptions. To help Huawei prepare for a response to its competitor, four dimensions (future objectives, current strategy, assumptions and capabilities) about the competitor should be found out and understand. SWOT Analysis Opportunities and Threats Opportunities Having already facing difficulties entering the United States market, Huawei can present itself better in the United States by collaborating with some of the United States companies. In this way, customers will not perceive Huawei as a low-cost vendor. In addition, as long as Huawei delivers reliable equipments, quality service and continues its product development, it will pose a formidable opponent to foreign companies. Threats Huawei have to be wary of competition from companies from low-cost countries where they pose a direct threat. Question 3. Identify the business level strategy adopted by Huawei and discuss the strategic actions implemented by Huawei in supporting this strategy. (20 marks) Huawei had adopted an integrated cost leadership/ differentiation strategy for its business level strategy. With its focus on RD and owning more than 8,000 patents, Huawei is able to differentiate their products in many ways. In addition, being located in a low-cost workforce country, Huawei is able to have their products manufactured at a much lower cost compared to others. Huawei engages in both value-creating primary and support activities that enables them to simultaneously pursue cost leadership/ differentiation strategy. By having an efficient production, low costs can be maintained while creating products of unique value give rises to differentiation. Primary activities As mentioned in question 1, Huaweis primary activities are marketing and sales, inbound logistics, outbound logistics and operations. Marketing and Sales Huawei priced their products about 30% cheaper than other established brands and to make it more attractive, Huawei offers attractive incentives as a sales package when pitching for major contracts. Support activities Huaweis support activities are firm infrastructure, human resource management, service, technological development and procurement. Firm Infrastructure Huawei had a good infrastructure that enables it to effectively and consistently identify its external threats and opportunities, resources and capabilities and support core competencies. It had a very good relationship with the Chinese military which is paramount to its success in China. Human Resource Management Huawei focus on having high caliber employees to build up its RD team. With more than 85% of its employees having a bachelors degree and above, Huawei ensures that they are highly paid by Chinese standard. In addition, due to Ren Zhengfeis military background, new employees are put through intensive military style training for the initial months. Service To offer unparallel service to its customers, Huawei hires local personnel in customers home country as part of its strategy to tailor technologies and services according to customers needs. Technological Development Huawei ventured early and invested in third-generation (3G) mobile communications technology and it started its own research and development (RD) in Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in 1995. With a dedicated team of 3,500 RD employees deployed throughout research centres in China and other countries, Huawei invested more than US$370 million in wide-band CDMA (WCDMA) technologies over the next few years. In addition, to familiarise itself with 3G industry, Huawei formed a 3G research joint venture with Japans NEC and Matsushita in 2003, and entered the mobile handset market in early 2004. At the same time, Huawei started a joint venture with Siemens to test TD-SCDMA (Chinas home grown standard) mobile handsets and networks equipments. Procurement Huawei has research centres both in China and overseas. It had a 21-storey research centre in Shenzhen, and six other research laboratories in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Huangzhou, Xian and Chengdu; a software development centre in Bangalore (India) and research facilities in Moscow (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden) and the Silicon Valley in California. Flexibility Flexibility is needed by firms in order to complete both primary and support activities that allow the production of differentiation products at relatively low costs. Three sources of flexibility are: Flexible manufacturing systems, information networks and total quality management systems. Flexible Manufacturing Systems Flexible manufacturing systems enable a firm to produce a variety of products in moderate quantities with minimum human intervention. Through either patent-mining or reverse engineering, Huawei had turned high-profit and complex products into standard commodities. In addition, to offer better differentiation products, Huawei hires local personnel in customers home country to tailor technologies and services according to customers needs. Information Networks By linking companies with their suppliers, distributors and customers, information networks provide another source of flexibility. Ren Zhengfeis relationship with the Chinese military had helped Huawei to have a close guanxi network which other competitors do not have, and this had helped Huawei to secure big contract orders. Furthermore, Huaweis major customers in China were the big players in the industry such as; China Telecom, China Mobile, China Netcom and China Unicom. Huaweis networks in China has over 400 million people across the country, occupying 25% of the mobile network market shares and supplying 80% of all SMS from China Mobile. Total Quality Management (TQM) Systems TQM emphasizes the companys commitment to the customer and to continuously improve process through usage of data-driven, problem-solving approaches from empowerment of employee groups and teams. Huawei is able to simultaneously reduce cost while making use of its ability to develop innovative products. This increases their flexibility which is beneficial to implementing an integrated cost leadership/ differentiation strategy. Question 4. What other strategic actions would you recommend to Huawei to compete better in the future? Justify your answer. (20 marks) Besides the current strategic actions which Huawei is already implementing, I would suggest that Huawei consider acquisition where Huawei will buys a controlling, or 100% interest in another company to make it Huaweis subsidiary business within its portfolio. They are several reasons for acquisitions and we shall look at each of them: Increased Market Power Market power exists when a firm is able to sell its goods or services above competition levels or when the costs of its primary or support activities are lower than those of its competitors. Hence, to increase its market power, Huawei can use horizontal acquisition where it acquires company competing in the same industry. Overcoming Entry Barriers Presently, Huawei experiences problems entering the United States market. Hence, by making a cross-border acquisition, Huawei can overcome these entry barriers and gives it more control over its international operations. Cost of New Product Development and Increased Speed to Market Acquisitions allow Huawei to gain access to current and new products that are unique to the acquired firm. Returns are more predictable as the performance of the acquired firm products can be observed and assessed prior to acquisition. Lower Risk Compared to Developing New Products As the results of an acquisition can be easily and accurately estimated than that of developing a new product, Huawei will find that there are lower risks involved. Increased Diversification Huawei can find it easier to develop and introduce new products through the acquired firm as it may be difficult to develop products that deviate from their current product lines. Reshaping Firms Competitive Advantage Competitive rivalry can affects Huaweis profitability. Thus, to reduce the effect of an intense rivalry, acquisitions actually reduce Huaweis dependence on one or more products or markets. This will in turn alters Huaweis competitive scope. Learning and Developing New Capabilities Acquisition can allows Huawei to gain new capabilities which it does not currently possess. Through acquisition, Huawei can broaden their knowledge base and reduce inactivity. In addition to acquisition, Huawei can also have a nonequity strategic alliance with other companies. A nonequity strategic alliance is a form of alliance where two or more companies have a contractual relationship such that they share some of their unique resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. This is used in more uncertain situations, and companies do not establish any independent company and hence do not have any equity positions. Through nonequity strategic alliance, Huawei can have licensing agreements, distribution agreements, and supply contracts with other alliance companies. Usually, outsourcing commitments are specified in the form of nonequity strategic alliance. In conclusion, I would recommend that Huawei consider acquisition and nonequity strategic alliance as its business strategy in the future so that it can better compete with other competitors.

Herman Melville: The Great American Writer :: Biography Biographies Essays

Herman Melville: The Great American Writer Everyone has heard of the novel Moby Dick at some point in their educational career, yet few know much about the life of its author. Herman Melville , the author of Moby Dick had an interesting life. Throughout his life he had many ups and downs. He was born on August 1, 1819 to a wealthy family that owned their own export business. This privileged life was short lived when Allen Melville, Herman's father, died in 1832. This was two years after the family business had gone under. Through this early example of a high and low in Melville's life you can see that his roller coaster like life was just beginning. In his writing you can see the three different stages that he had in his life. There are three stages to Herman Melville's life they are adventuresome young writer, mildly popular author, and finally a depressed old man who changed his entire style of writing. (Columbia 1, Padilla 1-2) Melville's first novels come from his imagination and were inspired by trips that he took across the sea as a young man.Melville had a stint on a boat headed to Liverpool from New York in 1839, yet only spent one summer on it because he had to come home and help his family out with their monetary situation.Finally in 1841, Melville found his way back to adventure and sailing.He headed out to the South Seas on the Acushnet.On this voyage it is said that Melville and one of his shipmates abandoned ship and were held by a group of cannibals in the French Polynesia.This experience led him to write his first novel that was not published until 1846, Typee.It was named after the Typee people who Melville had supposedly lived with for four months; however, ship records show that he was on another ship only a month after he had supposedly been with the Typee.Melville's next trip that inspired his second novel was on the Lucy Ann, a ship that was sailing to Tahiti.The novel Tahiti and Omoo, wr itten in 1846, 1847 respectively, are about Tahitian jails and revolts against the ship owners in Tahiti.These things never actually happened to Melville although his readers thought that they did.Melville was one of those authors who believed that bending the truth to make a great story was well worth it and his creative right.

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

IntroductionIn today ‘s metropoliss, interior decorators are faced with the corporate creative activity of a incorporate model for new development, out-of-door environmental rivals. Designer ‘s part is frequently to go after the fact, beauty intervention and maltreatment of patients is to make infinites for public utilizing program in the first topographic point. In the urban development procedure as usual landscape located in an stray object, instead than as streets, squares, big portion of the edifice construction, and possible unfastened infinite. ( Roger Trancik,1986 ) Therefore, how to put up the infinite in most environments today was the of import issue.Botching the metropolisGuggenheim Museum Bilbao – Bilbao, SpainIt is one of the universe ‘s most celebrated edifices ; which is an attractive and impressive architectural plants in many ways. Unfortunately, as a public infinite, it is really successful – and even unsafe. Dramatic beauty and sculpture edifice, Bilbao Guggenheim Museum, monumentally for successful as a landmark edifice attempts, and besides has attracted people ‘s attending on Bilbao metropolis. However, the undertaking has failed as a public infinite, losing an of import chance to observe and back up the cultural and community life that will throb throughout of the metropolis. Highlight the centre of Bilbao which located near the waterfront, the edifice disrupted metropolis life, as an abuse to a prosaic who is willing to utilize anything more than other constructing goggling at this topographic point. Frank Gehry, the designer who designed the museum, seem to fear that support, or even acknowledged that human activity and the surrounding edifices. The museum is likely to convey people to Bilbao, but it is merely reduced the civic and cultural life, that is doing people proud to hold their life in metropoliss. In add-on, as a successful investing in the building symbol, it limits the function of the architecture is merely the icon. It received attending, the edifice overlooked the river, giving its prominent, and it ignores the big public topographic points, whether it is comfy, worst of all, it ignores the metropolis, it is merely to pull draw attending. Walking through Bilbao, the edifice make distraction from the most dynamic public infinite in Europe, that is the sort of some of the intervention in community life. While the landmarks of power have been broadcast around the universe, it can easy be interpreted as a human activity and civic life in onslaughts. Although Bilbao as a metropolis could be near to the tallness of civilisation, and Frank Gehry ‘s is the position of an icon as a beacon of urban services, it is besides a public infinite, that is a considerable recreation of civilisation, should be suppose to celebrated. Architecture emerged to go a great success manner that is able to reflect and back up the edifice of civilisation, civilization and regard for the intent of professional characteristics. Gehry ‘s edifice seems to neglect in all these countries, therefore doing great harm to Bilbao, and to the building industry. The great edifices and major public topographic points should be go manus and manus, but unluckily, they seldom do so. The Guggenheim in Bilbao ‘s haughtiness and it indicates that the design and development attack is an abuse to public topographic points everyplace. Around this edifice, public infinite is a nothingness in the civic life of great metropolis. It can be said that this edifice has brought attending to Bilbao, but in this attending has been distracted, or at best a short-run high-sugar, for a metropolis with some of Europe ‘s best public topographic points in many ways. As the Museum non merely merely ignores the context, but besides enhances the distance and fells Bilbao rich cultural and societal life, it is a metropolis ‘s net loss.Canary Wharf – London, UKThere are many concealed positions by out-of-door public infinite and a labyrinth of belowground stores. While I came to this country, I feel even more defeated than I expected. They have four out-of-door public topographic points and the Numberss of stores in the resistance like the maze which concealed positions in fact, it is hard to happen. All people in a public topographic point are full of the auto. Clearly, They argued that the public infinite or non ; they think it is a auto show, is to pull them to be more active. This has a really big graduated table in office park with complex challengers. It is complex instance with the failure consequence for each. The undersides of the edifices are inordinate stark, empty, or conceal with columns to conceal those use-things may seek to reach in any intent. Even if you stand back of the columns or arcades, and you get some good retail or a good entryway, the consequence is still inexorable, and non attractive. Any outside streets is uninteresting and non appealing. Some one would wish to see a few more suited characters to add, and some personality countries. Clearly, there has a really limited set of patronages who want to pull. Contrast to either Battery Park City or Rockefeller Center, it is so baffled to tag Canary Wharf, is so far off the grade. Some one has thought as Winston Churchill, †¦ we are determining our edifice, and so they are determining us†¦ reasonably chilling! It is non easy to hold a position connexion. How do you believe this component will heighten people community. It is evidently a auto show. There are the tall edifices, autos environing the people who need a public infinite.Evaluation on Public SpaceIn research for the public infinite, it is non difficult to happen, there are four qualities of success, and those decided it does work or non: accessible, activities, comfy and community.Access & A ; LinkagesYou can find whether it has convenience connexions to a topographic point or its environing countries, including ocular and physical. A successful public infinite is easy to happen and acquire through ; it is seeable in footings of short distance. The borders of a infinite key are besides important: for illustration, shops sit along a street will be more interesting and by and large safer than walking in a space wall. There is convenient public conveyance, if accessible infinites have a high parking turnover.Pioneer Courthouse Square, PortlandPioneer Courthouse Square, was known as the â€Å" Portland ‘s life room † , as a public infinite in mention to heighten this topographic point to garner in and usage of citizens. These modern designs, including public art, recreational installations, flowers, trees, and walls and sitting country were designed. This is a often happening on-site, and includes a java store, nutrient providers, and information Center for Tri-Met ( regional Portland ‘s theodolite bureau ) , which is the square cardinal factor in the success of the renovation. From doubleduty the siting countries by integrate public art, flowers, trees, walls and ample stepss. This is the activities event of the site that used often, from enhanced a java store and nutrient sellers, and besides as coachs and light rail service in the centre. Pioneer Courthouse Square is one of the first new regeneration of public infinites. It is no longer as a inactive green infinite, and it designed for the square scheduling and supposed to utilize by public. In fact, for such the utilizing substructure is constitutional, but they are responsible for the direction of infinite entities to guarantee that there continued effectual usage. Pioneer Square, Law Courts Building, the procedure of creative activity – the public arguments, fund-raising, the expansive gap ceremonial – were designed to back up occupants, which related to the Polish population. Support and three ocular connexions were from Tri-Met contacted Peoples with the square and metropolis centre as a whole. With an effectual direction organisation, the square has become the metropolis ‘s pride topographic point and the focal point of a assortment of community activities. Proved that the revival of downtown Portland square on the far-reaching impact livability. All sorts of the installations support the each facet of public infinite to community with people.Comfort & A ; ImageWhether it is a comfy infinite – to hold a good image, is the key to success. Comfort is including the safe facet, cleanliness and the handiness of topographic points to sit – allow the people choose what they want to sit ; most people have underestimated the importance of. In peculiar, adult females have the good Judgess on comfort and a good image for their more favoritism.Luxembourg Gardens, Paris, FranceLuxembourg Gardens is likely one of the most successful Parkss in the universe, because so good in the cloth environing the metropolis, which makes it has convenient integrating. There are many things to make, where people who use it: kids, the aged people, the Sorbonne University pupils, widely shown that the people throughout the tiffin interruption, and so on. Peoples go to walk, play cheat, sit down to read, people watching, sitting in a coffeehous e or to convey their kids or grandchildren adult female to one of the kids ‘s many attractive forces. Events go on in the park, including tennis, siting pony, marionette theaters, plaything boat ( child drifting in their them by cardinal fountain ) . Visitors besides can halt within the Palace, and attended by the Gallic Senate, which is a public clear. The park besides organized, such as aerial exposure, that from around the universe in fictile wrap, and besides keep advanced exhibitions and shows around the garden ; a big wooden platform displayed the map which including exposure web site, supplying people with slippers who wants to walk on it – many of the same.Uses & A ; ActivitiesActivity is an indispensable constituent of a topographic point. Something to cover with, it need to gives people a ground to put – and return. When there is anything we can make, a infinite will be empty, and normally means what is incorrect.Kungstradgarden, Stockholm, SwedenKungstradgarden is in the bosom of the metropolis, owed a small past embodiment from the royal household kitchen gardens to lush Parkss to bore the military personnels on the land. The 1953 became the birthday jubilations of Stockholm ‘s 700-year-old site, and the cardinal portion of the direction has been uninterrupted since so, as a flexible event and public presentation infinite. It has besides been the Swedish premiere of the phase: In 1953, the first hot Canis familiaris has been served at that place, and Piccolino introduced java and java in this King ‘s Garden, to the delectation of Swedish roof of the mouths. In 1962, the first unreal ice frozen skating-rink is completed in the park, and the first out-of-doorss cheat set and placed that began in the 1970ss. It is the flourish position in Kungstradgarde, as its direction capacity to accommodate such seasonal usage of a broad scope of public infinites. One of the chief elements in the Kungstradgarden is a big collapsible shelter covering major phases in the warm footings, where they perform about every twenty-four hours. Wholly, it has about 150 phases happen each twelvemonth. In add-on to 100-150 yearss of exhibitions, a Christmas market in December over the weekend, every bit good as a host of other activities. There are trees in the courtyard and on both street-sides of eating houses. A stairss to the sunken fountain is located in forepart of a eating house, garden centre is equipped with a big round place, a winter skating rink. While there are some warm-weather activities such as cheat, assortments of draughtss, table tennis, in a little ruddy bungalow for which the equipment was is available occur to the extent of these activities. The garden was redesigned in 1998, although before there was the same like this minute in the universe in footings of flexibleness, the ensuing layout is more stiff, so that many of these activities no longer possible. In add-on, there is a presentation resort area provided for kids ‘s playing. In all, nevertheless, Kungstradgarden is stay its popular, fantastic urban centres in the nucleus of a well-ventilated topographic point – and compared with the most other topographic points, it still has a wealth of events, activities and public presentations, each season, sponsored by local concerns and organisations, it is impressive.SociabilityThis is a hard topographic point to accomplish quality, but one time achieved it becomes a clear and univocal map. When people see friends, dating, run into their neighbours, should experience comfy interaction with aliens, they tend to experience that fond regard to the topographic point or a sense of belonging in their communities – and local publicity of these types of societal activities.Jackson Square, New Orleans, LAThis is the cardinal square in New Orleans Gallic Quarter is important keen layout, with three park confronting exuberant trees, flowers and attack in full of historical edifices. Outside the park, in add-on to the constitution of the fencing from the elegant, hustling with instrumentalists, creative persons, providers, fluctuations in the activities of prosaic entree, and street public presentations. From the next street is likewise impressive, foregrounding the rule, we in the Spirit frequently described as â€Å" making out like an octopus. † When you are closer and closer to capture the positions of an attractive square, street-level experience in alteration more interesting and look forward to is how to hold on the true power of you. Jackson Square is the figure of â€Å" sacred topographic points † in a peculiar metropolis. This sacred topographic point should be the basis of the metempsychosis of New Orleans. If each community can regenerate the focal point on the cardinal public topographic points such as Jackson Square itself, the metropolis may be powerful hurricanes than of all time before.Mentionhypertext transfer protocol: //www.pps.org/